4D Pharma plc
↗Leeds, United Kingdom
4D Pharma was a pioneering microbiome therapeutics company headquartered in Leeds, United Kingdom, founded in 2014. The company specialized in developing Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) - a novel class of FDA-defined biological products containing live organisms, specifically single-strain bacteria naturally found in the healthy human gut. 4D Pharma developed a proprietary MicroRx® platform for rationally identifying and developing live biotherapeutics based on deep understanding of function and mechanism. At its peak, the company maintained a pipeline of 15 therapeutic programs spanning autoimmune diseases, CNS disorders, and oncology, with two programs in patient trials and expectations to initiate three additional programs.
CLASSIFICATION
Company Type:Biotech
Therapeutic Areas:
Industry:Biotechnology
Sub-Industry:Microbiome Therapeutics, Live Biotherapeutics
SIZE & FINANCIALS
Employees:51-200 (at peak operations)
Revenue:Pre-commercial (no product revenue at time of administration)
Founded:2014
Ownership:defunct
Status:shutdown
FUNDING
Stage:Public (former)
Total Raised:Approximately $150M+ (estimated across various rounds and debt financing)
Investors:Oxford Finance LLC (major creditor, $13.9M loan called), Armistice Capital (acquired debt from Oxford Finance)
STOCK
Exchange:LSE (delisted) / NASDAQ (delisted)
Ticker:DDDD (LSE - defunct), LBPS (NASDAQ - defunct)
Market Cap:Dissolved 2025
PIPELINE
Stage:Preclinical to Phase II (at time of administration)
Lead Drug Stage:Phase I/II
Modalities:Live Biotherapeutics, Microbiome-based therapeutics, Single-strain bacterial therapy, Oral biologics
Active Trials:0
Trial Phases:Phase 1: 4 | Phase 2: 2
FDA Approvals:0
EMA Approvals:0
CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Acquired By:Intellectual Property sold to CJ Bioscience; Manufacturing subsidiary sold to Bacthera AG (2023-01-01)
Subsidiaries:4D Pharma Research Limited, 4D Pharma León, S.L.U. (Spain - sold to Bacthera AG, May 2024)
Key Partnerships:Merck & Co. (MSD): Clinical collaboration on KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) combination studies and vaccine development using live biotherapeutics. Potential milestone payments of up to $347.5M for vaccine development across three undisclosed indications., Merck KGaA & Pfizer: Clinical collaboration evaluating MRx0518 in combination with BAVENCIO (avelumab) for urothelial carcinoma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center: Strategic collaboration for discovery and development of LBPs in oncology, Oxford Finance LLC: Credit facility provider (later creditor that triggered administration)
COMPETITION
Position:Former Leader (pre-administration)
Competitors:Seres Therapeutics, Finch Therapeutics, Enterome, Locus Biosciences, Microbiotica, Rebiotix, Vedanta Biosciences, MaaT Pharma +3 more
LEADERSHIP
Key Executives:
Duncan Joseph Peyton - Chief Executive Officer & Co-founder
Alex Power - Chief Scientific Officer & Co-founder
Scientific Founders:Duncan Peyton, Alex Power
Board Members:Axel Glasmacher (Non-Executive Chairman), Dr. Sandy Macrae (Non-Executive Director), Paul Maier (Non-Executive Director), Glenn Dourado (Executive Vice President Corporate Development)
LINKS
Website:4dpharmaplc.com
Crunchbase:Crunchbase Profile
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